The Marine Science Center at the University of Basra organized a course on genetic transformation in bacteria.

The course aimed to enable researchers to use bacteria as factories for producing genes and proteins in the fields of genetic engineering and biotechnology.

The course, lectured by Dr. Mustafa Sami Fadag, included an explanation of the molecular basis of natural and artificial chemical and electrical transformation, increasing the efficiency of cells to extract DNA, and explaining how bacteria absorb free DNA from the surrounding environment and integrate it into their genome, as well as methods of preparing bacterial cells such as Escherichia coli to become efficient and capable of receiving foreign DNA, and techniques such as heat shock or electroporation to introduce plasmids and exploit the process in gene cloning and protein production, and understanding how antibiotic resistance spreads and the mechanism for identifying transformed bacteria that have successfully acquired plasmids using antibiotics or color indicators .

Media and Government Communication Department